Processament de fruites i hortalisses
8 de febrer de 2005
En el text estès i en anglès es pot llegir el butlletí de la FAO. Aquest comença descrivint les característiques generals de les fruites i hortalisses i la seva composició química i valors alimentosos. Després de presentar els factors que influeixen en la seva deterioració, s'analitzen els mètodes tradicionals i moderns per a la preservació d'aliments.
Per Mircea Enachescu Dauthy - Consultor
Organització de les Nacions Unides per a l'Agricultura i l'Alimentació, FAO
Roma, 1995
El butlletí es troba en engonals i pot trobar-se en http://www.fao.org/docrep/v5030e/v5030e00.htm#Contents
Conté la següent informació:
1.1 General introduction
1.2 Importance of fruit and vegetables in world agriculture
1.3 What fruit and vegetables ca be processed?
1.4 Processing planning
1.5 Location
1.6 Processing systems
1.7 Choice of processing technologies for developing countries
1.8 Fruit and vegetables - global màrqueting view
2.1 General properties
2.2 Chemical composition
2.3 Activities of living systems
2.4 Stability of nutrients
2.5 Structural features
Chapter 3 Deterioration factors and their control
3.1 Enzymic changes
3.2 Chemical changes
3.3 Physical changes
3.4 Biological changes
Chapter 4 Methods of reducing deterioration
4.1 Technical methods of reducing food deterioration
4.2 Procedures for fruit and vegetable preservation
4.3 Combined preservation procedures
Chapter 5 General procedures for fruit and vegetable preservation
5.1 Fresh storage
5.2 Preservation by reduction of water content: drying/dehydration and concentration
5.3 Chemical preservation
5.4 Preservation of vegetables by acidification
5.5 Preservation with sugar
5.6 Heat preservation/heat processing
5.7 Food irradiation
Chapter 6 Auxiliary raw materials
6.1 Water
6.2 Sweeteners
6.3 Salt
6.4 Food acids
6.5 Pectic preparations
6.6 Intensive sweeteners
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Protection of food by packaging materials
7.3 Films and foils; plastics
7.4 Glass containers
7.5 Paper packaging
7.6 "Tin ca"/tinplate
Chapter 8 Fruit specific preservation technologies
8.1 Fruit quality
8.2 Harvesting and preprocessing
8.3 Fresh fruit storage
8.4 Fruit drying and dehydration technology
8.5 Technology of semi-processed fruit products
8.6 Fruit sugar preservis technology; jams, jellies, marmalade, fruit paste
8.7 Fruit juice technologies
8.8 Banana and plantain processing technologies
8.9 Mànec and guava processing technologies
8.10 Recent trends in fruit and vegetable processing
Chapter 9 Vegetable specific processing technologies
9.1 Vegetables varieties
9.2 Harvesting and pre-processing
9.3 Fresh vegetable storage
9.4 Vegetable drying/dehydration
9.5 Vegetable juices and concentrated products
9.6 Pickles and sauerkraut technology
9.7 Vegetable canning
10.1 Quality control/quality assurance and international trade
10.2 Good manufacturing practices (gmp); hygiene requirements
10.3 Hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP)
11.1 Preliminary study
11.2 How to prepari, start and operate a fruit and vegetable processing centri
11.3 Fruit and vegetable processing centri - moduli "level 5" family level
11.4 Fruit and vegetable processing unit - moduli "level 4" farm and/or community level
11.5 Fruit and vegetable processing unit - moduli "level 3" community and / or entrepreneurial level
11.6 Fruit and vegetable processing unit - moduli "level 2" business level
11.7 Fruit and vegetable processing centri - moduli "level 1" business and/or national level
11.8 Overall raw material consumption data / yield for fruit and vegetable processed products - approximate data
11.9 Fruit and vegetable processing centri - quality control sheet daily recording sheet finished products defects
Appendix I - Fruit and vegetable processing flow-sheets
Appendix II - Standards for grades of dried apricots
Appendix III - Recipe guidelines; dried fruit and vegetables
Appendix IV - Completi units and various equipment and material for fruit and vegetable processing
