Manufacturing of human knee via cryogenic system In biomedical manufacturing sector, the total aseptic environ- ment is the key which guarantee the complete cleanness of knee prosthesis workpieces machined. For achieving this goal, nowa- days the finished prosthesis workpieces are wrapped with several plastic protective layers and sterilized by radiation techniques [21]. However, despite this sterilization process, the prosthesis repla- cements carried out due to infections are around 10% [22], what supposes more than 350-400 rejections annually only in Spain [23]. Then, achieve new methods to achieve a total clean process is mandatory. In this line, in this work a knee prosthesis was machined using CO2 cryogenic cooling during the milling process. The material for carrying out the performance was Ti6Al4V grade 23 (Titanium grade ELI). This alloy is considered the higher purity version of Ti6Al4V alloys. In comparison with Ti6Al4V grade 5, used in aero- nautics, the grade 23 is characterized by having higher tensile strength and higher yield strength. Regarding the technique used for injecting CO2 during the machining process, a BeCold system was used. This system is characterized by allowing to handle CO2 with pressures below 20 bars without dry-ice formation during its flow. For introducing CO2 throw the tool a special toolholder was used. Cutting tools used for manufacturing process were carbide tools coated with TiAlN for all operations with the exception of the first roughness. In this case, indexed tool with carbide inserts were chosen. The performance is shown in figure 8. Fig 8. The performance carried out. With the aim of verifying the viability of the process from a tech- nical point of view, surface roughness of the knee prosthesis manufactured was analyzed with a confocal microscope Alicona with a resolution of 0.1 nm. The results obtained from the manu- facturing process are shown in figure 9. Fig 9. Surface roughness obtained. The pattern obtained is characteristic of the milling processes, that is, the process was controlled. The values obtained are 1.10 μm for average roughness (Ra) and 7.95 μm for the mean values of five consecutive maximum heights between peak-valley (Rz). This supposes values which make possible finishing processes by abrasive machining assisted by cryogenics to preserve the clean- ness achieved with this performance. Therefore, the use of CO2 as fluid coolant applied to biomedical sector is presented as a solution which allows to improve the process from the three points of view which an industrial process need to be applied, that is, deals with the economic, environmental and cleanliness point of view at the same time. Grinding Grinding is one of the three main research lines previously men- tioned. Grinding is commonly known as a finishing process, which gives great added value to the final product. Constant research of the process and industrial necessities lead to improvements in grinding machines, abrasive materials, grinding wheels configu- ration and dresser designs. These technological advances lead to more efficient process with higher material removal rates, lower machining times and improved surface quality. All of these enhan- cements allow the grinding process to be more competitive than other machining processes and hence to extend the application field, such as automotive, aerospace or energy industry. Thus, a continuous research is required in order to meet the industrial demand. In this sense, grinding research group of UPV/EHU is working on projects related with real industrial demand, being one of the aims to minimize grinding cost. The most relevant research lines are focused on grinding and dressing process from experimental and numerical point of view. Moreover, the majority of works are developed collaborating with Digital Grinding Innovation Hub. This research center was created by IK4-IDEKO, constituting an impulse to positioning the Basque Country as a leader in inno- vation. The aim of DGIH is to transfer technology to the market, being the priority, the access of the companies to the innovation in order to increase their competitiveness. Not only the IK4-IDEKO installations constitute The Digital Grinding Innovation Hub, but also several branches throughout the Basque Country, among which is the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU. Thus, in the last year, the University of the Basque Country together with IK4-IDEKO, collaborate in different grinding research lines in order to increase grinding knowledge tackling real industrial problems. Moreover, Basque companies also collabo- rate in these projects, EKIN S. Coop as a grinding wheels user and UNESA.S.L. as a grinding wheels manufacturer. In general, three powerful research lines encompass the projects between the IK4- IDEKO and the grinding group of the UPV/EHU. In the following paragraph each research line is explained, specifying the research projects that involve each one. Advanced grinding process modeling. Simulation and modeling of grinding process is an excellent tool to select the optimum combination and process strategy in order to achieve minimum process time and maximum workpiece quality and process efficiency. Therefore, modeling and simulation of pro- cess has become on a critical predictive analysis for grinding. In this sense, this research line, is focused on the generation of advanced 15 RESEARCH AND INNOVATION