RESEARCH AND INNOVATION Machining improvements Aeronautic sector predicts that air traffic will continue a growing tendency, and, therefore, airplanes manufacturing companies will need to meet requires necessities. Aeronautic should satisfy this demand according to a series of aspects regulated by European regulations such as efficiency, noise and fuel compsumption. Consecuently airplane components manufacturing processes should be optimized. A special attention should be paid to motor components, which are the most expensive parts of the air- planes Design and manufacturing processes for blisks (blade integrated disks) present alternatives to conventional fir-tree concept. Integrated design presents advantaged related to aero- dynamic flux and higher efficiency in terms of fuel consumption [8]. However, integral disc manufacturing requires blisks to be made of hard to machine alloys (Ti-6Al-4V and Inconel®718) which repre- sents a machining technological challenge from the economic and technological point of view [9]. Selected machining process for component manufacturing will depend on the component material [10] and geometry [11]. In this sense, several studies have focused on blisk milling processes, in which the finishing operation is the one with most influence on component final quality [12]. Nevertheless, previous operations such as roughing ones do also require special attention due to their relation with process productivity. Although there are many machining trajectories applicable to blisks and impellers, they can be mainly classified into (i) point milling and (ii) flank milling. Point milling trajectories are based on the use of the tool tip whereas in flank milling trajectories the tool flank is compromised in the cut of material, which considerably improves the operation productivity. However, it is not always possible to include flank milling trajec- tories. However, to maintain this efficiency of the process it is necessary to resort to a tool of large dimensions that would reduce the risk of tool bending and the appearance of vibrations inherent to this type of machining operations. Numerous works have been developed in the field of the optimization of flank milling machining strategies using the surface of the tool [13] and optimal positioning procedures for flank milling of surface machining with cylindrical tools [14]. Besides, especially the milling process of blisks made of Ni-based alloys has nearly reached its technological and economical limit, the- reby it seems to be reasonable to use unconventional manufacturing technologies in the manufacturing process. Therefore, Flank Super Abrasive Machining (FSAM) is presented as a solution because it combines the benefits of the use of grinding tools and spindle spe- eds with milling feed rates and flank milling strategies. In fact, under similar conventional cutting conditions, with this new technique better surface requirements are obtained [15]. Furthermore, the dimensional accuracy obtained by this process is closer to grinding process one, reducing machining time and costs from conventional machining process [16, 17]. However, the machine requirements, in terms of spindle rotary speed, are very high due to the fact that to be performed under optimal cutting conditions the spindle should reach a speed of 60,000-80,000 rpm [18]. Another issue which have to be take into account are the diffe- rent lubricooling technologies used during machining processes. Currently, oil emulsions or pure cutting oils are commonly used in workshops to achieve suitable process in difficult to cut alloys. However, the environmental harm caused implies looking for other technologies which reduce the environmental footprint. This takes relevance with special importance in biomedical sector where during titanium prosthesis manufacturing, the cleanness is the key to achieve a successful process. In line with this, cryogenic CO2 cooling is the most suitable alternative to be used in which not only technical and environmental issues are taken into account but also the cleanness, achieving what is known as eco-friendly manufac- turing processes. Concluding, in this section it is presented the blisk manufacturing from point of view of various technologies, including conventio- nal ones and more innovatives ones, and the manufacturing of a human knee via cryogenic machinig system. Manufacturing of blisk blades For tests design, blisk type geometries are chosen in order to be manufactured using three different manufacturing processes. The first manufacturing process analysed is conventional milling toghether with CAM programation, the second one is milling tech- nology, but, in this case, specific algorithm has been developed for finishing strategy, and finally SAM technology. At the end of the explanation of each of them will summarized all the DATA in a table. 1. Conventional Milling Selected geometry for milling technology validation is Ti6Al4V blisk with 18 blades around a 200 mm diameter (Figure 5). The tests were carried out in a five-axis high speed machining center Ibarmia ZV25/U600 Extreme. Regarding milling operations (Table 1), roughing, semi-finishing, and blade and hub finishing operations are programed with NX12 from Siemens. 13 Operations Tool Process parameters (F,S, ap, ae) Strategy Roughing Flat end Ø10 R2.5 630 mm/min, 3000 rpm, 75% tool ø, 20% tool ø Zigzag with lifts Semi-finishing Tapered ball nose end ø6 α4° 750 mm/min, 4000 rpm, 5mm, 1-2 mm Helicoidal Blade finishing Ball nose end ø6 400 mm/min, 4000 rpm, 0.6 mm, 0.5 mm Helicoidal Hub finishing Ball nose end ø6 475 mm/min, 6000 rpm, 0.6 mm, 10% tool ø Zigzag with lifts Table 1: Milling process parameters definition Process time, cost and surface finish values are analysed in every machining process. In this case, blade semi-finishing is the opera- tion that lasts longer with approximately 3h followed by roughing with 1h. Semi-finishing and hub finishing operations last around 30min each of them. On the other hand, for milling cost determi- nation, machine €/h cost, tool cost, material cost and cutting fluid cost is taken into account. Due to confidentiality reasons the price is not being broke down.