CONFORMADO 18 Figura 13: Comparativa de modelos numéricos y resultado experimental. Los resultados numéricos y el resultado experimental obtenido en el ensayo UDrawing test se muestran en la figura 13. Como se puede observar el modelo donde se ha implementado el cambio del pseudo módulo de Young con la deformación plástica es el modelo que mejor predice el springback experimental. Por otro lado, se observa que usando un coeficiente fricción dependiente a la pre- sión de contacto el springback aumenta ya que el flujo del material es mayor (menor coeficiente de fricción a medida que aumenta la presión). • Agradecimientos Los autores quieren agradecer al Gobierno Vasco la ayuda obtenida para llevar a cabo el proyecto Thirdform del programa Elkartek, donde han colaborado el centro de investigación Autotech y Koniker y la Universidad de Mondragon. Referencias • [DAV78a] R.G. Davies, “The Deformation Behavior of a Vanadium- Strengthened Dual Phase Steel, ” Metall. Trans. A, Vol. 9A, 1978, pp. 41-52. • [DAV78b] R.G. Davies, “The Mechanical Properties of Zero-Carbon Ferrite-Plus-Martensite Structures, ” Metall. Trans. A, Vol. 9A, 1978, pp. 451-455. • [FRO03] G. Frommeyer, U. Brüx, P. Neumann, “Supra-Ductile and High-Strength Manganese-TRIP/TWIP Steels for High Energy Absorption Purposes, ” ISIJ Intl., Vol. 43, No. 3, 2003, pp. 438-446. • [KIM08] S.-K. Kim, G. Kim, K.-G. Chin, “Development of high Manganese TWIP Steel with 980MPa Tensile Strength, ” Proc. of the Intl. Conf. on New Developments in Advanced High-Strength Sheet Steels, AIST, June 15-18 2008, Orlando, Fla, pp. 249-256. • [MAT10a] Materials, design and manufacturing for lightweight vehicles, ISBN 978-1-84569-463-0, 2010. • [MAT06] D. K. Matlock and J.G. Speer, “Design Considerations for the Next Generation of Advanced High Strength Sheet Steels, ” Proc. of the 3rd International Conference on Structural Steels, ed. by H.C. Lee, the Korean Institute of Metals and Materials, Seoul, Korea, 2006, pp. 774-781. • [MAT09] D.K. Matlock and J.G. Speer, “Third Generation of AHSS: Microstructure Design Concepts, ” Microstructure and Texture in Steels and Other Materials, eds. A. Haldar, S. Suwas and D. Bhattacharjee, Springer, London, 2009, pp. 185-205. • [MAT10b] D.K. Matlock and J.G. Speer, “Processing Opportunities for New Advanced High-Strength Sheet Steels, ” Mat. and Manuf. Proc., Vol. 25, Issue 1, 2010, pp. 7-13. • [MER07a] M.J. Merwin, SAE Technical Paper #2007-01-0336, SAE, Warrendale, PA, 2007. • [MER07b] M.J. Merwin, Proceedings of Steel Properties and Applications Conference, edited by L.C. Oldham, AIST, Warrendale, PA, 2007, pp. 1017- 1038. • [MIL69] S.T. Mileiko, “The Tensile Strength and Ductility of Continuous Fibre Composites, ” J. of Materials Science, Vol. 4, 1969, pp. 974-977. • [SPE11] John G. Speer, E. De Moor, K. O. Findley, D. K. Matlock, B. C. De Cooman, D. V. Edmonds, “Analysis of Microstructure Evolution in Quenching and Partitioning Automotive Sheet Steel”, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, December 2011, Volume 42, Issue 12, pp 3591- 3601. • [WAK07] M. Wakita, Y. Adachi, and Y. Tomota, Materials Science Forum, vols, 539-543, 2007, pp. 4351-4536. • [MEN 15] Mendiguren, J., Cortés, F., Gómez, X., & Galdos, L. (2015). Elastic behaviour characterisation of TRIP 700 steel by means of loading– unloading tests. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 634, 147-152. • [SIL 15] Silvestre, E., Mendiguren, J., Galdos, L., & de Argandoña, E. S. (2015). Comparison of the hardening behaviour of different steel families: From mild and stainless steel to advanced high strength steels. International journal of mechanical sciences, 101, 10-20. • [GIL 16] Gil, I., Mendiguren, J., Galdos, L., Mugarra, E., & de Argandoña, E. S. (2016). Influence of the pressure dependent coefficient of friction on deep drawing springback predictions. Tribology International, 103, 266-273. • [SIL 15b] Silvestre, E., 2015. Sheet metal roll levelling optimization by means of advanced numerical models and development of new concepts for last generation materials. Mondragon University.