INGENIERÍA HORTÍCOLA ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 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El visible (VIS) es una pequeña región del espectro electromagnético que ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................g.í.a..in.c.i.d.e.n.t.e...E.l..re.s.t.o..d.e..la..e.n.e.r.g.ía..e.s..t.ra.n..s.m.i.t.id.a..c.a.s.i.e.n..s.u..t.o.ta..li.d.a.d.,.y.a................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................P..o.r.e.n.c.i.m.a..d.e.l.r.o.j.o.s.e..s.it.ú.a..la..r.e.g.i.ó.n.i.n.f.r.a.rr.o.j.a.(.I.R.).,.q.u.e..a..s.u.v.e.z..e.s.t.á.d.i.v.i.-....q.u..e.e.n..e.s.t.a..r.e.g.ió.n..l.a..a.b.s.o.r.c.ió.n..e.s..m..e.n.o.r.a.l..5.%....L.a..r.e. .e.c.t.a.n.c.i.a..d.e..0.,7..a................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................d..id.a..e.n..t.re.s..c.a.t.e.g.o.r.í.a.s.:.I.R..p.ró..xi.m..o.(.N..IR..).(.0.,7..-..1.,3..μ.m..).,.I.R..m..e.d.io..(.S.W..IR..)....1.,.3..μ.m...e.s.f.u.n.c.i.ó.n..d.e..la..e.s.t.r.u.c.t.u.r.a..in.t.e.r.n.a..d.e..la.s..h.o.j.a.s...C..o.m..o.e.s.t.a.s..s.o.n................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................(.1.,.3..-.3..μ.m..).e..IR..t.é.r.m.i.c.o.(.T.I.R.)..(3..-..1.0.0..μ.m..)................................d.i.s.t.in.t.a.s.,.n..o.s.p.e..rm..i.te..d.i.fe.r.e.n.c.i.a.r.d.i.s.t.in.t.o.s..t.ip.o.s..d.e..v.e.g.e.t.a.c.ió.n..,.o.d..is.t.in..to.s................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................e.s.t.a.d.o.s.. ..s.io.l.ó.g.ic.o.s..d..e.l.c.u.l.ti.v.o.,..a.u.n.q.u.e..e.n..e.l..e.s.p.e.c.t.r.o.v..is.i.b.le..s.e.a.n..m..u.y................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... color azul. drásticamente. La región 0,7-1,3 μm re eja entre el 40 y el 50% de la ener- ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................o.n..d.a..m.u..c.h.o.m..á.s..g.r.a.n.d.e..s.(.1..m..m..-..1..m.).,.q..u.e.s.o..n.l.a.s..lo.n..g.it.u.d.e.s..d.e..o.n.d.a........................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................m..á.s..la..rg.a..s.u.s.a..d.a.s..e.n.t.e.l.e.d.e.t.e.c.c.ió.n...D.e..é.s.t.a.s.,.l.a.s.m..á.s..c.o.r.t.a.s.t.i.e.n.e.n..p.r.o.-....M..á.s..a.ll.á..d.e..1.,3..μ.m..,.e.n..l.a..zo..n.a..d.e.l.in..fr.a.r.r.o.jo..m..e.d.i.o.,.la..r.e. .e.c.t.a.n.c.i.a..d.e..la.s................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................p..ie.d.a.d..e.s.s.i.m..il.a.r.e.s.a.l..IR..t.é.rm..i.c.o.,.m..ie.n..tr.a.s..q.u.e..la.s..r.e.s.t.a.n.t.e.s.s.o.n..s.i.m.i.l.a.re.s.....h.o.j.a.s..e.s.i.n.v.e.r.s.a.m..e.n.t.e.p.r.o.p.o.r.c.i.o.n.a.l.a..s.u.c.o.n.t.e.n.i.d.o..d.e.a.g..u.a.t.o.t.a.l,.p..o.r.lo..q.u.e................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................a..l.a.s.u..s.a.d.a.s..e.n.c.o.m..u.n..ic.a.c.i.o.n.e.s............................................e.s.t.a..r.e.g.ió.n..d.e.l.e.s.p..e.c.tr.o..e.s.ú..ti.l.p.a.r.a..d.e.t.e.c.ta..r.e.s.t.ré.s..h.í.d.r.ic.o..e.n..lo.s..c.u.lt.i.v.o.s................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... La porción de microondas se encuentra más allá del IR, a longitudes de similares. En las plataformas utilizadas en teledetección se equiparán uno o varios 2.4. Procesado ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................s.e.n..s.o.re..s.,.c.a.d.a.u..n.o.d.e..e.ll.o.s..c.a.p.t.a.rá..l.a.e.n.e.r.g.í.a.o..lu..z.r.e. .e.j.a.d.a.p..o.r.lo.s..o.b.j.e.to.s.....E.l..p.r.o.c.e.s.a.m..ie.n..to..d.e..l.a.s..im..á.g.e.n.e..s.d..ig.i.ta..le.s..c.o.n.s.i.s.t.e.e.n..l.a..m..a.n.i.p.u.la..c.ió.n................... 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......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................s.u..p.e.r. .c.ie...P.o.r.l.o..t.a.n.t.o.,.e.s..u.n.a..m..a.g.n.i.t.u.d..a.d.im..e.n.s.i.o.n.a.l..q.u.e..p.u.e.d.e..t.o.m..a.r.......c.r.u.d.o.s..p..a.r.a..c.o.r.r.e.g.i.r.l.a.s..d..is.t.o.r.s.i.o.n.e.s..d.e..l.a..i.m..a.g.e.n...y..e.li.m..in..a.r..e.l.................. 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......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................•...R.e.a..lc.e..y.m..e.j.o.r.a...E..n.t.re..l.a.s..té.c..n.ic.a..s.a..p.li.c.a.d..a.s..p.a.r.a..m.e..jo.r.a.r..la..i.n.t.e.r-................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................A..l.g.r.á. .c.o..d.e..l.a..re. ..e.c.t.a.n.c.ia..e.s.p..e.c.tr.a.l..fr.e.n.t.e..a..la..l.o.n.g.i.t.u.d..d.e..o.n.d.a..s.e..le........p.r.e.t.a.c.i.ó.n..d.e..la..i.m..a.g.e.n..e..s.tá..n.:.a.j.u.s.t.e..d.e.l..c.o.n.t.r.a.s.t.e.,.c.o.m..p.o..s.ic.i.o.n.e.s................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................d..e.n.o.m..in.a..c.u.r.v.a..d.e..re.. .e.c.t.a.n.c.ia..e.s.p..e.c.tr.a.l.o.. .r.m..a..e.s.p.e.c.t.ra..l .(.F.ig.u.r.a..3.)...L.a........c.o.l.o.r.e.a.d.a.s..y.. .lt.r.a.d.o.. .C.o.n..e.l..re.a..lc.e..r.a.d.i.o.m..é.t.r.ic.o..s.e..b.u.s.c.a..u..n..m.a..y.o.r.................. ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................c.o.n.. .g.u.r.a.c.i.ó.n..d.e..e.s.ta..s.c.u..rv.a..s.p..e.rm..i.te..e.x.t.r.a.e.r.l.a.s..c.a.r.a.c.t.e.rí.s.t.ic.a.s..e.s.p..e.c.-.......c.o.n.t.r.a.s.t.e..v.i.s.u.a..l...T.o.d.a..s..e.s.t.a.s..t.é.c.n..ic.a..s..s.u.a..v.iz.a.n...o..r.e.f.u.e.r.z.a.n...e.l.................. ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................t.r.a.l.e.s.d..e.u..n.a..s.u.p.e.r. .c.i.e..y.t.i.e.n.e..u.n.a..g.r.a.n..in.. .u.e.n.c.i.a..s.o.b.r.e.l.a..e.l.e.c.c.ió.n..d.e........c.o.n.t.r.a.s.t.e.,.h..a.c.i.e.n.d.o..q.u.e..l.o.s..n.i.v.e.le.s..d.i.g.i.t.a.l.e.s.(.N..D.)..d.e..la..i.m..a.g.e.n..s.e................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... super cie este parámetro varía en función de la longitud de onda. ción son de dos tipos: radiométricas y geométricas. ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................p..a.ra..u.n.a..a.p..li.c.a.c.ió.n..p.a.r.t.i.c.u.la.r................................................V.i.s.u.a.l.m..e.n.t.e.,.e.s..to..s.e..t.r.a.d.u..c.e..e.n..q.u..e..s.e..d.if.u..m.i.n.e..l.a..i.m.a..g.e.n..o..s.e................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................r.e.s.a.l.te..n.d..e.te..rm..i.n.a.d.o..s.h.e..c.h.o.s..c.o.n.t.e.n.i.d.o.s..e.n..e.ll.a..................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................L.a..s.c.u.r.v.a.s..d.e.r.e. .e..c.ta.n..c.ia..e.s.p.e.c.t.r.a.l.p.a.r.a.l.a..v.e.g.e.t.a.c.ió.n..c.a.s.i.s.i.e.m..p.r.e.m..a.n.i.-....•...C.l.a.s.i. .c.a.c.i.ó.n..d.i.g.i.ta..l.L..o.s.N..D..a.d.q.u..ir.i.d.o.s..p.o.r.e.l..s.e.n.s.o.r..n.o.t.i.e.n.e.n..s.e.n.-................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................... ..e.s.ta..n..lo.s..p.i.c.o.s..y.v.a..ll.e.s..q.u.e..s.e..m.u..e.s.tr.a.n..e.n..l.a..F.i.g.u.r.a..3..L.o.s..v.a.l.le.s..e.n........t.id.o..e.n..s.í..m..is.m..o.s.,..s.i.n.o..q..u.e..d.e.b.e.n..s.e.r..i.n.t.e.rp..re.t.a.d..o.s..p.a.r.a..a.c.c.e.d..e.r.................. ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................l.a..r.e.g.ió.n..d..e.l.v.i.s.ib.l.e..v.ie.n.e..n.d..a.d.o.s..p.o.r..lo.s..p.i.g.m..e.n.t.o.s.e..n..la.s..h.o.j.a.s..d.e..la.s........a.l..c.o.n.o.c.i.m..ie.n.t.o..d.e.l..c.u.l.t.iv.o..y..a..la..o.b..te..n.c.i.ó.n..d.e..u.n..m..a.p.a..t.e.m..á.t.i.c.o................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 32<< la región espectral en la cual los datos de teledetección se deben adquirir asemejen o diferencien más de los ND de los píxeles que los rodean.