............6 << CEREALES ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................F.i.g.u.r.a..2. .D.e.n.s.i.d.a.d.t.o.t.a.l....................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................y..n.ú.m..e.ro..d.e..e.s.p.e.c.i.e.s.d.e....................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................m..a.l.a.s.h.i.e.r.b.a.s.p.r.e.s.e.n..te..e.n..................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................c.a.d..a.s.i.s.te.m..a..d.e.l.a.b.o.r.e.o....................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................E..f.e..c.t..o..e..n..p..o.b..l.a.c..i.o..n.e..s..d..e..m...a.l.a..s..h..i.e.r..b.a..s...................d.i.c.i.o.n.e.s..c..li.m..a.t.o.ló.g..ic.a..s..d.e..c.a..d.a..a.ñ.o.., .p..e.ro...ta..m.b..ié.n...p.o.r..e.l..s.is.t.e.m..a................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................E..s..b.i.e.n..s.a.b..id..o..q.u.e..l.a..v.a.r.i.a.b.i.l.id..a.d..c.l.im..á..ti.c.a..d..e..z.o.n.a.s..s..e.m..iá.r.i.d.a.s.....d..e.l.a.b..o.re..o..y.l.a..i.n.t.e.r.a.c.c.i.ó.n..e.n.t.r.e..a.m..b.o.s..(.F.i.g.u.r.a..2.)...E.n..e.s.t.e..s.e.n..ti.d.o................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................y..l.a.s..p..rá..c.t.ic.a..s..a.g.r.o.n..ó.m..ic.a..s.,.c..o.m..o..e.l.l.a.b..o.r.e.o..y..la..s..ro..ta..c.i.o.n.e.s..d.e.....c.a..b.e..d.e.s.t.a.c..a.r.q..u.e..l.a..d.e.n.s.i.d.a.d...to..ta..l.d.e..m..a.l.a.s..h.i.e.r.b.a..s..y.e.l..n.ú.m..e.r.o................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................a..b.u.n.d..a.n.c.i.a..d..e..e.s.p.e.c..ie.s..d..e..m..a.l.a.s..h.i.e.r.b.a.s...e.n..c.a.m..p.o..s..d.e..c.u.l.t.i.v.o.....(.m..í.n.im..o..l.a.b.o.r.e.o..y..n.o..-.la.b..o.r.e.o.)..re..s.p.e.c.t.o..a.l..la.b..o.r.e.o..t.ra..d.i.c.io.n..a.l..E.s.t.a................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................N..u.e.s.t.r.o.s...e.s.t.u.d.i.o.s..m..á..s..r.e.c.i.e.n.t.e.s..(.S..a.n.t.í.n.-.M..o.n.t.a.n..y.á..e.t..a..l...2.0..1.7.;....d.i.f.e.r.e.n.c.i.a..e.s..a.ú.n..m..a.y.o.r..lo.s..a.ñ..o.s..e.n..lo.s..q.u..e.l.a..p.l.u.v.i.o.m..e.t.rí.a..a.n.u..a.l.e.s................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................F..e.r.n.á.n.d..e.z.-.G.e.t.i.n.o..e.t..a.l.,..2.0.1..5.).h..a.n..r.e.f.l.e.ja..d.o..la..i.m..p.o.r.t.a.n..c.ia..d..e..lo.s.....s.u..p.e.r.io..r.a..la..m..e.d.i.a..(.c.o.m..o.2..0.0.9..-.2.0.1.0..y..2.0.1.0.-.2..0.1.1.)...A..d.e.m..á.s.,.c.u..a.n.d.o................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................e..x.p.e.r.im..e..n.t.o.s..a..l.a.r.g.o..p.l.a.z.o..p..a.r.a..o.b.t.e.n..e.r..c.o.n.o.c.i.m..i.e.n.t.o.s..s.o.b..r.e..lo.s.....l.a.s..p.r.e.c.i.p.i.ta..c.io.n..e.s..e.s.t.u.v.i.e.r.o.n..m.u..y.p..o.r.d.e.b..a.jo..d.e..l.a..m.e..d.ia..,.e.l.m..í.n.im..o................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................e..fe..c.t.o.s..d.e..d.i.c.h.a.s..p.r.á.c..ti.c.a.s..e.n..l.a..c.o.m..p.o..s.ic..ió.n..d..e.l.a.s..c.o.m..u..n.id..a.d.e.s.....l.a.b.o.r.e.o..t.a.m..b.i.é.n..f.u.e..d.e..n.u..e.v.o..la..t.é.c.n..ic.a..q..u.e..p.e.o.r..c.o.n.t.r.o.l.ó..la..d.e.n..s.i-................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... cultivos, a menudo interactúan para determinar la composición y de especies aumentaron en los sistemas de laboreo de conservación ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................E..n.t.r.e..lo.s..a.ñ..o.s..2.0.0..9..y..2.0.1.4..s.e..a..n.a.l.iz.ó..l.a..p.r.e.s.i.ó.n..d.e..m..a.l.a.s..h.i.e.r.b.a.s.....E..f.e..c.t.o...e.n...l.a..c..a..li.d..a.d...d..e.l..s.u..e..lo................................................ ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................e..n.c..a.d.a..t.r.a.t.a.m..ie..n.t.o..E.s.t.a..s.m..a.l.a.s..h.i.e.r.b.a.s..s.e..m..i.d.i.e.ro..n..e.n..la..f.a.s.e..d.e.....L.o..s.d..a.t.o.s..d.e..c.a.r.b.o..n.o..y..d.e..n.i.tr.ó.g..e.n.o..t.o.t.a.l.e.s..e.n..lo..s..p.r.im..e.r.o.s..3.0..c..m................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................e..n.c.a.ñ.a..d.o..d.e..l.o.s..c.e.r.e.a.l.e.s.,.m..u.e..s.t.re..a.n.d.o..t.a.n.t.o..l.a..c.a.n.t.i.d.a.d..d..e..m.a..la.s.....d..e.l.s.u..e.lo..p..a.r.a..c.a.d.a...tr.a.t.a.m..i.e.n.t.o..d.e..s.d.e..o.t.o.ñ.o..d..e..2.0.1.0..h..a.s.t.a..o.t.o.ñ.o................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................h..ie.r.b.a..s..c.o.m..o..e.l..n.ú.m..e.r.o..d..e..e.s.p.e.c.i.e.s...L.o.s..d..a.t.o.s..m..o.s.t.r.a.r.o.n..q.u..e..la.....d..e.2..0.1.6..m..o.s.t.r.a.r.o.n..u.n..a..u.m..e.n.t.o..p.r.o.g.r.e.s.i.v.o..e.n..l.o.s..t.r.e.s..tr.a.t.a..m.i.e.n.t.o.s................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... de malas hierbas. dad de malas hierbas. ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... densidad total de malas hierbas estuvo in uenciada por las con- (Figura 3). Sin embargo, este aumento fue aún mayor en las parcelas ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... Figura 3. Evolución del contenido de los 30 primeros cm del suelo en carbono orgánico y nitrógeno total para los tres sistemas de laboreo. ............................................................................................................................................................................. .........................................................................................................................................................................................